Constipation is not a common problem in dogs, but it can occur, creating an uncomfortable "backup" of hard, dry stool that a dog cannot easily pass. Sometimes, canine constipation is mild and resolves quickly on its own. Less frequently, the condition becomes serious and indicates an underlying medical condition such as intestinal obstruction that may be fatal if left untreated. Senior dogs are more susceptible to occasional bouts of constipation because they experience slower digestion and decreased organ function.
Constipation is the inability to pass stool in a normal, comfortable way on a daily basis. Difficulty defecating or passing small clumps of hard, dry stool are indicative of constipation.
If you regularly walk your dog or supervise its outdoor time, you are likely aware of your pet's bathroom habits and will promptly recognize a problem. Here are symptoms of constipation to look for:
A decrease in the regularity of your dog's bowel movements could be a sign that constipation is developing. If your dog is constipated, it may strain to pass stool in an oddly hunched posture. Make sure diarrhea isn't the culprit, as fecal urgency is also common after dogs have diarrhea, and this problem requires different treatment than constipation.
If your dog goes two or more days without a bowel movement, that's a sure sign of constipation.
Constipation can also be indicated by stool that is hard and dry, smaller than normal, and pebble-like.
Blood may be present in a constipated dog's stool because straining to pass hard, dry stool has caused small blood vessels in the rectum to break and bleed.
Your dog may feel bloated or full if it is constipated, so it will not want to eat because trying to digest food will only add to its discomfort.
Many different factors can cause a dog to become constipated. The following are some of the potential causes of constipation:
If your dog's constipation does not improve or resolve within 36 hours, then it's time to go to your veterinarian. After evaluating your dog's history, the vet will perform a physical examination, including abdominal palpation to feel for stool in the colon.
Radiographs (X-rays) may be recommended to determine the severity of constipation and reveal potential internal causes of the condition. Depending on your dog's age and the exam findings, your vet may also recommend lab work to assess your dog's organ function, electrolyte balance, and blood cell counts.
Your veterinarian is always the best source of treatment options, but if you notice mild constipation in your dog, you can try the following steps at home that may give your pet some relief and help resume normal defecation:
There are several home remedies and supplements that can help your dog's constipation, but some can lead to other issues. Always speak with your vet before giving your dog anything at home to treat constipation. This includes stool softeners, slippery elm, fish or olive oil, and fiber supplements.
If your dog passes stool after being constipated, the first bowel movement may contain hard, dry stool. After that, it is not uncommon for dogs to pass soft stools for a day or two. If your dog develops watery or frequent diarrhea, visit the vet for treatment.
Usually, veterinary treatments can be administered in a couple of hours, and then your dog can return home for the night. Some treatments that your vet may provide include:
The Spruce / Kelly Miller
Constipation usually resolves with re-hydration and/or a boost in activity level. If your dog's constipation reoccurs frequently or is severe and persistent (a condition called obstipation), your veterinarian will help determine the cause and best course of treatment. Depending on the severity and underlying condition, this may include surgery. You also may be referred to a veterinary specialist for a second opinion, advanced diagnostics, or specialized treatments.
If your dog is generally healthy, there are some simple steps you can take to prevent constipation:
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